EZ Switch From EZH2 to EZH1
نویسندگان
چکیده
An important area of research is the functional significance of posttranslational modifications of histone proteins. The modification of histones is maintained by a balance of enzymes which place specific modifications (writers), factors which read modifications (readers), and enzymes which remove modifications (erasers). Histone methylation is regulated by histone methyltransferases (writers) and demethylases (lysine demethylases; erasers). Lysine residues can be mono(me1), di(me2), or tri(me3) methylated with different resultant functions (Figure A). A connection between histone methylation and Polycomb group–mediated gene silencing was established by purification and characterization of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). PRC2 is essential for maintenance of histone H3K27me3 in embryonic stem cells, and enhancer of zeste 1 (EZH1) and EZH2, SUZ12, and EED are the key components of the PRC2 complex. EZH2, a histone methyltransferase, catalyzes H3K27me3, and it has been shown to be dysregulated in various cancers. EZH1 is an alternative core subunit to EZH2 in PRC2 complexes. Increasing evidence indicates that EZH2 is highly expressed in cancer stem cells and mediates cancer stem cell expansion and maintenance.
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Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) plays crucial roles in transcriptional regulation and stem cell development. However, the context-specific functions associated with alternative subunits remain largely unexplored. Here we show that the related enzymatic subunits EZH1 and EZH2 undergo an expression switch during blood cell development. An erythroid-specific enhancer mediates transcriptional ...
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